應用系統思考分析海岸生態旅遊發展方案 － 以七股濕地為例
蔡旻芳、夏沛亞、張揚祺
摘要
近年來人為海岸利用型態愈來愈多元，而在台灣海岸觀光旅遊相當盛行，雖然旅遊業被譽為無煙囪產業，相較其他產業污染較少，但往往在旅遊過程中仍會對環境造成汙染和破壞，因此旅遊形式的發展也逐漸由大眾旅遊轉向更具環境友善與當地特色的生態旅遊，尤以在海岸地區更有豐富的資源和潛力發展生態旅遊。然而，在轉變的過程中對於旅遊業者、當地居民以及遊客都將會產生相當程度的影響，因此，必須有適當因應措施使生態旅遊真正落實當地並能永續發展。海岸濕地具有生態多樣性和環境教育之意義，是發展生態旅遊極佳的場域。本研究以七股濕地為例，透過群體建模整合七股濕地旅遊業者、當地社區民眾及政府單位的想法，擷取其心智模式，並以此建立系統思考模式，最後依據系統思考之因果回饋圖進行分析，對公私部門提出改善管理的方案，以協助發展七股海岸濕地生態旅遊。
關鍵詞：生態旅遊、權益相關者、七股溼地、系統思考、群體建模
Applying system think to analyze the coastal ecotourism development plans – a case of Chiku wetland
Min-Fang Tsai, Pierre-Alexandre Château, Yang-Chi Chang
Abstract
There are more diverse utilizations in coastal zones, in particular coastal tourism is very popular in Taiwan. Although, tourism creates less pollution compared to other industries and win a good reputation of smokeless industry, environmental impact can still be observed in the course of tours. Therefore, recent trend shows the change from mass tourism to ecotourism which is more environmental friendly and able to reveal local characteristics. Coastal zones have abundant resources and thus have tremendous potential in developing ecotourism. However, during such transformation it is inevitable to affect the stakeholders including tourist industry, local people, and tourists. Careful responses are needed to implement ecotourism such that sustainable development can be achieved in coastal zones. The study area is in Chiku coastal wetland which is suitable for ecotourism development due to high biodiversity and a great place for environmental education. By applying the group model building approach, we build a system thinking model which is based on the mental model acquired systematically from the local tourism, resident, and public sector. According to the causal loop diagram in the system thinking model, we suggest better managerial plans for the public and private sectors to support future development of ecotourism in Chiku coastal wetland.
Keywords: System Thinking, Group Modeling Building, Ecotourism, ChiKu Wetland
Received: 2017-02-18
Accepted: 2017-03-01