系統思考與管理

Journal of Systems Thinking and Management
Vol. 1, No.1, Mar. 2017, 43-68

以系統動態觀點探討新產品導入專案流程-以N公司為例

李亭林、鄭暐叡

摘要

以系統動態觀點探討新產品導入專案流程 -以N公司為例 新產品導入專案時,常會發生專案無法準時完工或範圍變更的情況,其原因在於新產品導入過程中,每階段都會發生不確定的狀況,造成專案的執行產生變動,使專案的管理不易。本研究以Cooper(1993)所提出之重工模型為基礎,並參考Lyneis & Ford (2007)所提出之回饋控制環路為輔,再根據個案公司實際狀況,試圖建構專案人員生產力及專案範圍因子變動的因果關係模型。並以李亭林(2013)發展的企業內部系統性問題解決步驟,分析個案公司專案管理之重工模型,再進行動態模擬。 本研究目的有二:1)以系統性思維探討新產品導入專案中之重要影響因子,釐清各項因素相互間的因果關係。2) 應用系統動態學,建構專案管理流程之因果回饋環路圖,以分析影響專案管理程序之關鍵因素。 研究發現個案公司在新產品導入時,主要關鍵問題為專案團隊專業技能不足、與國外專家溝通不良等兩大問題。據研究結果發現,關鍵的根本解在於專案管理中之人資管理,透過訓練累積團隊的能力進而提升其職能,才能減輕問題對專案的影響。 本研究最大的貢獻是企業在了解問題的結構後,先透過團體思考(group thinking)的方式,採取腦力激盪尋找專案問題的各種解決方案,在企業的各種限制條件下,運用決策矩陣方法聚焦在重要的問題解決上,之後才運用建模的步驟進行政策模擬,此舉不僅運用了80/20理論概念,更可以加速決策並節省成本,較能符合企業效益。

 

關鍵詞:新產品導入專案、系統動態學、專案管理

 

 

The Probe of New Product Introduction Projects by System Dynamics - an example of N Company

Ting-Lin Lee, Wei-Jui Cheng

Abstract

Failing to achieve project schedule and scope change is occurred when business implement NPI (New Product Introduction) projects. Because of many uncertain events may be happened in each phase of the projects. In order to resolve uncertainties, the project manager needs to consider every situation and to find possible solutions. Based on the "rework model" proposed by Cooper (1993) and the concept of "controlling feedback loops for achieving a target schedule deadline" from Lyneis &Ford(2007), this study took an actual situation of N company to build a causal relationship model between project staffs’ productivity and project scope factor change. According to the systematic problem solving steps proposed by Lee (2013),this study analyzes the rework problems of the case company, and then carried on the dynamic simulation. There are two objects of this study: firstly, apply system thinking to explore the important influencing factors when new product into the project, and to clarify the causal relationship between the various factors. Secondly, apply the system dynamics to construct the causal loop diagram of the project management process so as to analyze the key factors that affect the project management process. The key problems related to the NPI project in N company included capability of project members was not at right level and communication difficulty between project team and experts from foreign. According to the results of this study, it is found that the key fundamental solution lies in the human resources management. By training to accumulate team ability, it can further enhance their competencies and reduce the impact of the problem on the project simultaneously. The biggest contribution of this research is to understand the structure of the problem via the group thinking and brainstorming to find a variety of solutions to the problems of those projects. Under the various constraints of the enterprise, the applying of decision matrix method can help to focused on important problem solving and carry out policy simulation based on the use of modeling steps. By doing so, we not only best use the concept of the 80/20 rule, but also can accelerate the decision-making and cost savings, more in line with business efficiency.

Keywords: New Product Introduction, System Dynamics, Project Management

 


Received: 2017-02-16
Accepted: 2017-03-19